Question from a reader:
Please tell me about conservatism. I believe the idea is that “old things have value in themselves,” but why do conservatives want to amend the Japanese Constitution? If no problems have arisen for 80 years after the war and it has remained unchanged, doesn’t that mean the Japanese Constitution is the best and strongest constitution?

The Background
of Conservatism and the Amendment of the Japanese Constitution

In response to the reader’s question, I would like to consider conservatism and the Japanese Constitution. Conservatism generally refers to the idea that “old things have value in themselves.” Indeed, history and tradition are important and form the foundation of our current society. However, when we think about why conservatives seek to amend the Japanese Constitution, several perspectives emerge.

The Establishment of the Japanese Constitution and Its Significance

First, the Japanese Constitution was enacted in 1947. During the chaotic post-war period, this constitution, which proclaimed the establishment of democracy and pacifism, sparked much debate from the outset. There are opinions that it is the “best and strongest constitution,” while others argue that it is a “post-war imposed constitution with insufficient consensus among the people.” As I major in psychology, I am also interested in the psychological factors behind these opinions. For example, post-war Japan was under American occupation, and many citizens bore the scars of war. The fact that the ideals of the constitution were rooted in “peace” likely provided psychological stability for many people. The “pacifism” held by post-war Japanese has indeed been supported by this constitution, and its influence remains strong in modern times.

The Necessity of Constitutional Amendment from a Conservative Perspective

However, from the conservative standpoint, it is understandable that there are criticisms and calls for amendment of the constitution. There are several reasons why they seek constitutional amendments, mainly as follows: 1. Strengthening National Defense: Conservatives argue that, considering changes in international circumstances and threats from neighboring countries, it is necessary to strengthen Japan’s defense system. In particular, there is debate regarding the position of the Self-Defense Forces, as interpretations of Article 9 of the constitution vary. While the Self-Defense Forces function essentially as a military, they are constitutionally stated to “not possess military forces,” making their existence ambiguous. This point is seen as a source of anxiety regarding Japan’s security. 2. Changes in Public Awareness: Nearly 80 years have passed since the Japanese Constitution was enacted, and there is a divergence between the values of that time and those of today. For instance, the rights and freedoms held by citizens have changed with the passage of time. Conservatives may feel that a constitution reflecting the awareness of modern citizens is necessary. 3. Harmony with the International Community: As globalization progresses, many feel that Japan needs to review its laws and systems to fulfill its responsibilities as a member of the international community. In this regard, calls for constitutional amendments may arise.

Historical Background and Psychological Factors

Now, let’s look at this from a historical perspective. From 1947 to the present, Japan has achieved economic growth and established its status as a member of the international community. However, the necessity of security and international contribution has become increasingly emphasized during this process. This can be seen as a demand of the times. Additionally, from a psychological perspective, it is important to note that there is an underlying “fear of change” and “desire for stability.” Many people feel that “the current situation is good” due to fears and anxieties stemming from past experiences. Particularly, since Japan has experienced natural disasters and economic downturns, the psychology of fearing change is strong. This psychology may be creating resistance to constitutional amendments.

Personal Reflections and Conclusion

Personally, I do not intend to completely deny the opinions of conservatives. Certainly, there are many elements that need to be discussed regarding constitutional amendments, and it is necessary to reflect the opinions of the people. However, rushing to “deny the old” in the name of amendment must be approached with caution. Ultimately, discussions about amending the Japanese Constitution need to be conducted by both conservatives and progressives from their respective positions. As the 80 years of history show, the constitution is not merely a law; it is deeply connected to the consciousness, culture, and identity of the people. We are required to understand the different positions of conservatism and progressivism and think about the future together. After all, the idea that “old things have value in themselves” is also something that can change according to the times and circumstances. Here, the balance of “change and stability” viewed from a psychological perspective may be the key to shaping our society. As discussions about constitutional amendments progress, it is important for us to learn from history and think about the future. While respecting both opinions, I feel it is necessary to deepen our thinking to build a better society.